Minimum viable products have just enough features for early users. They provide feedback for future development.

Financial technology or FinTech is an emerging industry that uses technology to improve services in finance.

In software development, the codebase is the collection of source code used to build a particular app or component.

In project management, handoff is the art of passing a project to a new team in a clean and ordered way.

A web application or web app is a client–server computer program where the client runs in a web browser.

A web developer is a programmer specialising in applications which run over HTTP from a web server to a web browser.

In software engineering, usability is the efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction experienced by the end-user.

Motion graphics is the commercial application of animation and effects to video, film, TV, and interactive content.

An e-zine or ezine is an online magazine, often but not always a ‘digital edition’ of an offline print magazine.

A browser game is a game played over the Internet using a web browser, usually based on HTML5 technologies.

Data visualisation is the graphical representation of data and information, for example graphs, charts and maps.

Print-on-demand is a system where books and other publications can be produced in singular or small quantities.

DAM or digital asset management refers to the recording, storage and distribution of digital media and documents.

A Microsite is a single page or a small cluster of pages which functions as a discrete entity within an existing website.

Web design does overlap with web development, but is primarily concerned with visual design and usability.

E-commerce refers to any online transaction where buying or selling happens, for example in a shopping website.

A business simulation can be used for training, education or analysis, and can sometimes take the form of a game.

In a multiplayer video game, more than one person can play in the same game environment at the same time.

WebGL frameworks, libraries and game engines speed up the process of building 3D web content.

Serious games are used for training, education and team building, but they should still be fun and engaging.

In engineering, functional specification documents are a technical response to clients’ requirements documents.

A wireframe is a blueprint or schematic used to represents the skeletal framework of a website or application.

In 3D, a physics engine provides an approximate simulation of systems like fluid dynamics and rigid body dynamics.

In 3D graphics, Shadow mapping or shadowing projection is the process of adding shadows to a rendered scene.

Lens characteristics like depth of field, focal length and focus can be simulated in web 3D, using WebGL effects.

A pseudorandom number generator is an algorithm that maps random seeds to long random-looking number sequences.

Although simpler than graphical user interfaces, Text-based interfaces are more advanced than command-line interfaces.

Web apps are deployed to a production server after the build, test, lint and commit steps have been completed.

Source code is the set of text files that developers actually work on — the files which an automated build-process will use.

During a software build, multiple source code files may be concatenated (joined) into a single long source code file.

A transpiler or source-to-source compiler converts code between two high-level programming languages.

Minification is the process of removing all unnecessary characters from source code without changing how it works.

A software architecture where a single server instance can be shared between multiple tenants.

Visual identity expresses the values and ambitions of an organisation, and is usually defined in a brand guidelines document.

A cross-platform web app or website works correctly on all modern web browsers, operating systems and devices.

Retro gaming is the playing and appreciation of classic video games from the 1970s to the early 2000s.

Mechanics are the rules and structure of a video game world, and the methods for players to interact with it.

Following the wireframes stage, mockups are created to define in detail how a website or application will look.

Audience analysis ensures that a website or application’s content is appropriate for the intended end-users.

Breakout is a 1976 Atari arcade game. The aim is to destroy layers of bricks by bouncing a ball off a movable bat.

Following the golden age of arcade games in the early 80s, home consoles took over in the second half of the decade.

Balancing a game is the art of making it fun and challenging for players of all experience levels and abilities.

A video game sometimes publishes a high score table — a list of players who have scored the most points.

Page orientation is the direction a rectangular page is oriented for normal viewing: landscape or portrait.

In web development, the front-end is the user interface, along with all business logic which runs on the client machine.

Full Stack JavaScript web apps run JavaScript on the client and the server, sometimes reusing code in both places.

Push technology is a style of Internet-based communication where requests are initiated by the server, not the client.

In reactive programming, the developer defines ongoing relationships and dependencies between data streams.

In a multi user virtual environment, users can communicate with each other while participating in virtual activities.

Any database than does not store data in a table (relational) can be called NoSQL. Examples are Mongo, Redis and Neo4j.

A database journal is a log file containing all the actions which a database has run, and therefore its complete ‘undo’ history.

Data security means protecting data from destructive forces and unauthorized users, such as a cyberattack

Web server performance is its maximum workload. Estimating a server’s performance is called benchmarking.

Administratration of a web server involves user accounts, benchmarking, security and updating server software.

Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of visitor data, to help improve a website.

Web apps and websites often use an email API during user registration, and sometimes for marketing or updates.

Micro conversions are small steps made by a website visitor towards a ‘macro conversion’, for example a purchase.

In an accessible website or application, visitors of all abilities have equal access to content and functionality.

Internationalisation and localisation allows apps to adapt to languages and market requirements in different regions.

Social media sharing buttons provide a quick way for website visitors to tell their followers about a page or article.

Image slideshows or sliders allow a website to display multiple images, and add a sense of movement to the page.

A Modal dialog or modal window is a UI element which users have to interact with before they can proceed.

In WordPress, hooks allow plugin functions to be called at the proper moment, while keeping code decoupled.

Indentation is a stylistic convention which helps make computer code, especially its block-structure, more readable.

In coding, comments are annotations, ignored when the program runs, which help explain the developer’s intentions.

Screen readers are an assistive technology which provide text-to-speech synthesis of web and other content.

Agile is a flexible set of software development practices, including early delivery and continual improvement.

Photography is the art and practice of creating images with a camera and associated accessories.

Retouching involves altering a photograph: typically using Photoshop to remove blemishes and improve impact.

Illustration is the art of creating images for published media, such as posters, magazines, animations and websites.

Icon design is the art of designing a graphic symbol that represents some real, imaginary or abstract concept.

Sub-editing is the process of improving the accuracy, readability and fitness-for-purpose of written material.

Scrum is a management methodology in Agile where small teams iterate a project using short work sprints.

Proofreading is the final stage of content production: detecting and correcting errors in text, art or layout.

3D design is the art of creating representations of objects as 3D models, to be rendered on-screen or 3D printed.

UX and UI design is the art of making the user’s interaction as simple and efficient as possible, thus maximising usability.

A game designer defines goals, challenges and rules to produce an engaging and balanced game experience.

Graphic Design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using typography and images.

Ideation is the initial part of the design process, where new ideas are generated, developed and communicated.

Project management is the initiating, planning, running and completing of a team’s work on a particular job.

Sound design is the process of specifying, acquiring, manipulating or generating audio elements.

Web development is the technical work of building a website. At its most basic level, writing HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

SEO stands for search engine optimisation. It is the process of improving a website’s visibility in search engine results.

A-Frame is a library for building VR experiences in the browser. Vive, Rift, Daydream and GearVR are all supported.

ActionScript was a strongly typed object-oriented programming language used with Flex and Flash.

Animate is the new name for Flash. It’s used for creating web apps and animations, and can now publish to HTML5.

InDesign is a desktop publishing application, used to create posters, brochures, magazines and presentations.

Illustrator is a vector graphics editor created in 1987, for rendering logos, icons, typography, and complex illustrations.

Photoshop is a raster graphics editor created in 1988. It’s now so famous that “photoshopped” has entered the dictionary.

Angular is a TypeScript-based front-end web app framework from Google, which targets modern browsers.

Atom is a git-savvy code editor for Windows, Linux and macOS, created by GitHub and developed in JavaScript and Node.

Babel transpiles the latest JavaScript syntax and features (and JSX) into legacy JavaScript all browsers understand.

Balsamiq is software for creating early-stage sketches and mockups of a planned application or website.

Blender is a fully featured free and open source 3D graphics application. It is Python-scriptable for advanced workflows.

Bootstrap is a front-end framework for creating websites and web apps, with templates for various UI elements.

C# is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language created by Microsoft within its .NET initiative.

Survey APIs and web analytics can send user opinions and behaviour to customer experience management systems.

CentOS is a free Linux distribution from Red Hat, first released in 2014. Its commonly used for running web servers.

Chai is a JavaScript assertion library that can be paired with any testing framework — Mocha, for example.

CoffeeScript adds many enhancements to plain JavaScript, making code more succinct, readable and faster to type.

Cascading Style Sheets is a language used to describe how a web page’s HTML content should be presentated.

A widely-supported storage and interchange format for tabular data, .csv files contain comma-separated values.

Automated integration testing for websites and web apps. Easier to work with and more focused than Selenium.

Decimal.js provides an arbitrary-precision ‘Decimal’ type for JavaScript. Essential for accurate FinTech apps!

ECMAScript 6 or ES6 was the first update to JavaScript since 2009, introducing dozens of new features.

ESLint helps standardise JavaScript code style. It can be integrated into code editors, or form part of the build process.

Express is a JavaScript server and web app framework for Node. It provides the ‘E’ of the ‘MEAN’ stack.

The Facebook Graph API allows developers to write software which can read and edit Facebook content and accounts.

Foundation is a highly customizable responsive front-end framework for any device, medium and accessibility.

Gatsby is a free and open source framework based on React that helps developers build blazing fast websites and apps.

Git is a version control system for tracking edits to files, and coordinating work on those files among a team.

GitHub is the world’s largest web-based Git repository, with around 37 million users and 60 million repos.

GitHub Webhooks are a set of user-defined URLs which GitHub’s server will visit whenever certain repo events occur.

Google Analytics is the web’s most popular web analytics service, used by about 50% of the top million websites.

Google Translate is a machine translation service that understands text and speech in over 100 languages.

GraphQL is a query language for web APIs, designed to be more powerful, expressive and efficient than REST.

Grunt is a task runner used for automation of repetitive build tasks like minification, unit testing, optimisation and linting.

Gulp is a task runner used for automation of repetitive build tasks like minification, unit testing, optimisation and linting.

Handlebars adds several useful features to the Mustache templating language, like nested paths and helpers.

HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the standard way of giving web content structure and semantic meaning.

Microsoft IIS or Internet Information Services is the third most popular web server after Apache and Nginx.

The Immutable library brings persistent data structures to JavaScript. Great for React and functional programming.

Iron Router is a router that works on the server and the browser, designed specifically for Meteor.

Prior to WebAssembly, JS was the only in-browser programming language. JS can also run on the server, using Node.js.

Jenkins automates build, test and deployment pipelines. Used for CI/CD (Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery).

Jest is a fast, easy to use JavaScript testing framework. It includes mocks, snapshots and code coverage.

Joomla, launched in 2005, is a free and open-source content management system for publishing websites.

jQuery is a venerable JavaScript library which simplifies the DOM API, and normalises browser quirks.

JSDoc is an in-comment syntax used to annotate JavaScript source code files, and document the app’s API.

JavaScript Object Notation is a standard format for serialised data, useful for storage and transmission.

The LAMP stack is a free and open source web server setup, comprising Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.

Less is a style sheet language that compiles to CSS. Its features include variables, mixins, nesting and functions.

The Lodash library provides a toolkit of over 300 handy JavaScript utilities. It’s fast, stable and very well tested.

Meteor is a JavaScript framework which allows for rapid prototyping of cross-platform browser, Android and iOS apps.

Moment is a multilingual JavaScript toolkit for parsing, manipulating, validating and displaying dates and times.

MongoDB is a NoSQL, document-oriented database. Its storage format and API fit well with JavaScript.

Mustache is a simple web template system which strongly enforces the separation of logic and presentation.

MySQL is an open source relational database released in 1995. It is the ‘M’ part of the commonly used ‘LAMP’ stack.

Next.js is a free and open source framework based on React, which uses Node for server-side rendering.

Node.js lets you run JavaScript code on the server and the command line. It supports Windows, Linux and macOS.

Nodemailer is a Node module for sending emails from a web server. It has a heavy focus on security.

NPM is a command-line package manager, and also an online registry for open source JavaScript modules.

Phaser is a framework for making 2D HTML5 games for desktop and mobile browsers, with Canvas and WebGL rendering.

PHP is a server-side scripting language for web development and general-purpose programming.

The PSD format keeps the full construction of a Photoshop session, including transparency, layers and text.

RangeSlider is a simple, small and fast polyfill for the HTML5 <input type="range"> slider element.

React is a user interface library sponsored by Facebook, notable for JSX, which embeds XML into JavaScript.

Physics-based animation library for smooth and seamless UI interactions. Brings a native-mobile feel to React apps.

Combines Three’s scene rendering with React’s component system, to build complex interactive worlds in the browser.

Redux is a JavaScript state-manager which is usually used with React, although it can work with any framework.

A responsive layout aims to make content look great whatever the size, shape or orientation of the browser window.

Rollup is a bundler for JavaScript ESNext modules. It uses static analysis to minimise the size of production builds.

Launched in 2010, Rust is a fast, strongly-typed, memory-safe language. Web browsers can run it using WebAssembly.

RxJS is the Reactive Extensions library for JavaScript. It supports Functional Reactive Programming, or ‘FRP’.

Bash is a shell scripting language which runs on Linix, macOS, and recent Windows. Used for simple back-end tasks.

Selenium WebDriver is browser automation software, often used for testing. It runs in most modern web browsers.

Sentry is a monitoring service which can track a production app’s errors and performance issues in real time.

SketchUp is a modelling application, often used for quickly visualising architectural and interior design projects in 3D.

Smart TVs are internet-connected televisions, with apps for streaming movies and shows, web browsing, and more.

SQL or Structured Query Language is used for querying, modifying and managing relational databases like MySQL.

Speeds up development by isolating components. Can also be used to share an interactive style guide with stakeholders.

Terser is a code parser, mangler and minifier for JavaScript ESNext. It replaces libraries like JSMin and Uglify.

Three.js is a JavaScript library for creating and displaying animated 3D computer graphics in a web browser.

Three.js has an advanced transition and animation system, which can handle rigged models, property tweens and keyframes.

The Twitter API allows developers to write software which can send tweets and messages, and read Twitter content.

TypeScript, created by Microsoft, adds features to JavaScript which help when building large-scale web applications.

The Underscore library provides a toolkit of over 100 handy JavaScript utilities. It’s fast, stable and very well tested.

Unity is a VR-savvy game engine which targets a broad range of consoles, mobile devices and desktop computers.

VeeValidate is a Vue validation plugin inspired by the HTML5 validation API, which integrates with Vue templates.

Virtual Reality (VR) is a simulated experience, typically facilitated through a VR headset and motion controllers.

Vue is a light-weight JavaScript framework capable of powering advanced single-page web apps.

Microsoft’s Visual Studio Code is a customizable cross-platform source-code editor. Slimmer than the full Visual Studio IDE.

Part of HTML5, Web Audio allows audio input, playback and synthesis, as well as speech to text, in a web browser.

Part of HTML5, Web Components provide a standard framework for templates and reusable widgets in the browser.

WebGL is a JavaScript API for rendering 3D graphics in the browser. It’s used by libraries like Three.js and D3.

Webpack is an extensible module bundler used for creating production builds of websites and web apps.

WebSockets open a fast two-way communication channel between server and browser, based on the ws:// protocol.

Part of HTML5, WebVR is a JavaScript API that provides support for virtual reality devices in web browsers.

WooCommerce is an easy to customise, easy to use WordPress plugin which runs on about 30% of all e-commerce sites.

WordPress is a content management system (CMS) used by over 40% of the top 10 million websites.

Plugins make it easy to extend WordPress sites’ widgets and features, whatever theme is currently being used.

Themes make it easy to change WordPress sites’ look and functionality, without altering the core code or site content.

X3D is the W3C’s XML-style markup language for describing 3D scenes. It replaces VRML and adds many new features.

X3DOM is a JavaScript framework which renders X3D markup into 3D scenes in modern web browsers.

XD is a wireframing application for designing and prototyping user experience for websites and mobile apps.

Try out Lookabout on its demo page. Make your browser window smaller to see its responsive layout at work.

There’s a YouTube video showing my progress making Cell Survivor, and you can play it online at cellsurvivor.org.

I’ll usually get back to you within 24 hours.

If you’d like to work with me, let’s get connected!

My experiments and open source projects.

A prototype insurance calculator.

A multi-user training game in a simulated bar.

An educational game to raise AIDS awareness.

An otherworldly musical experience.

Holiday designer and competition.

A responsive Bootstrap-based WordPress theme.

Arms Around The Child is a charity bringing hope, happiness and respect to children living in extreme adversity.

It’s quick and easy to give money to Arms Around The Child on their donations page, if you live in the UK or the US.

Now renamed Frontline AIDS, this organisation is a global partnership to promote HIV/AIDS issues in developing countries.

All Walks Beyond the Catwalk challenges the fashion industry’s unachievable and limited body and beauty ideals.

The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges promotes, facilitates and co-ordinates the Medical Royal Colleges’ work.

Asda Stores Ltd is based in Leeds. It is the third largest UK supermarket chain after Tesco and Sainsbury’s.

Audio Gold is the London second hand hifi retailer with a diverse, colourful range of kit and a friendly relaxed atmosphere.

BBC Worldwide Ltd was the commercial subsidiary of the BBC, which merged with BBC Studios in 2018.

The British Broadcasting Corporation, founded in 1922, is a British public service broadcaster based in London.

NBCUniversal Media LLC, is an international movie and broadcasting giant, based in Manhattan, New York City.

Blinkbox is the original name for TalkTalk TV Store, and was one of the UK’s first video-on-demand services.

Blockbuster Video was a chain of home movie and video game rental shops. At its peak in 2004 it employed 84,300 people.

BMW, founded in 1916 and based in Munich, Germany, manufactures luxury automobiles and motorcycles.

Brian Blessed OBE is an English actor, presenter, writer and mountaineer whose career spans more than 60 years.

Brightwave Group is a leading agency for next generation learning solutions, products and services.

Britannia was the second largest building society in the UK at its peak in 2007, based on total assets of £36.8 billion.

Founded in 1846, British Telecommunications plc is the UK’s biggest mobile, fixed-line and broadband provider.

Cadogan Clinic was founded in 2008 by Bryan Mayou, the first plastic surgeon to practice liposuction in the UK.

Caryn Franklin MBE is a Professor of Diversity in Fashion, and has been a fashion commentator for more than 40 years.

Classic British Hotels offer superior quality accommodation, award-winning restaurants, spas and health clubs.

The CMA Awards, previously known as the APA Awards, is an annual international content marketing event.

The ColArt Group is a large international supplier of art materials, with brands like Winsor & Newton and Liquitex.

The Daily Telegraph is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper with a circulation of about 350,000.

Dazed, formerly Dazed & Confused, is a bi-monthly British magazine founded in 1991, covering music, fashion, film and art.

Design Task Force was a recruitment agency based in Denmark Street, London. It specialises in the creative sector.

Diageo, the world’s second largest distiller, is famous for Smirnoff, Johnnie Walker, Baileys and Guinness.

London based Easel TV provides a white-label, cross-platform, end-to-end streaming solution for content providers.

EDF Energy is a French power generation firm which sells gas and electricity to 5 million customers in the UK.

Fluxx are a product and service design agency based near Borough Market, London.

The Ford Motor Company is a US multinational automaker based in Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford in 1903.

The Ford B-Max is a mini multi-purpose vehicle launched at the 2012 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona.

The Global Apollo Programme is a call to make carbon-free power cheaper than power from coal by the year 2025.

Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama series, adaptated from the A Song of Ice and Fire books.

Gok Wan is a British TV presenter, author, DJ and fashion consultant, best known for his show ‘How to Look Good Naked’.

Green Note is a folk, jazz and world music venue in Camden, London, created by two friends as the ideal place to hang out.

GVA was the UK’s largest independent commercial property consultancy. Purchased by Avison Young in 2019.

hayu, introduced in 2016, is NBCUniversal’s reality TV streaming service. It features shows aired by NBCU’s US networks.

Headmasters is a chain of hairdressing salons in the UK. The first branch opened in Wimbledon Village in 1982.

HelloWorld, previously named ePrize, is a digital engagement agency specialising in online competitions.

The House of Windsor is the British royal dynasty. It succeeded the House of Hanover following the death of Queen Victoria.

The e-Learning Guild’s annual DevLearn event is the largest learning technologies event in North America.

This Developing Dreams project won gold at The World Exhibition Stand Awards for ‘Best Stand up to 24 sqm’.

Kandi is a multipurpose London agency working across digital, video and print. It has a varied skill set and versatile team.

Kurt Geiger, founded in 1963, is a UK footwear and accessories retailer with 70 stores and over 170 concessions.

Land Rover is a UK car brand specialising in off-road vehicles, including the Defender, Discovery and Range Rover.

Legal & General is a London-based FTSE 100 financial services provider, best known for pensions and insurance.

Loco Dojo is a multiplayer VR game by Make Real, which launched in 2017. An Oculus Quest update was released in 2021.

Loop.Coop, founded in 2010, is a Brighton-based cooperative of artists, inventors, programmers, musicians and makers.

MacUser was a British monthly magazine aimed at Apple Mac users, known for its striking graphic design style.

Make Real is a Brighton digital agency building collaborative ‘serious games’ and virtual reality experiences.

There are 16 Malmaison hotels in the UK, which each offer a stylish and eclectic boutique hotel experience.

Mark Fast is a luxury knitwear designer, worn by celebrity fans like Tilda Swinton, Grace Jones and Rihanna.

Movimientos is an artist agency, promoter, event programmer and record label specialising in Latin American music.

MSK was Japan’s largest independent PV solar panel manufacturer, until it was purchased by Suntech in 2006.

Swiss company Neidhart is a distributor of radio controlled models such as cars, drones, planes and boats.

Founded in Somerset, UK, New Look is a fashion retailer with a chain of over 1000 shops around the world.

Nu Creative is an independent strategic and creative marketing agency, founded in London in 2004.

OpinionLab is system for gathering website visitor feedback, which can then be used to improve customer experience.

Personal Computer World, 1978 – 2009, was the first British computer magazine. Its circulation reached 150,000.

Pragmatic, now Angry Creative, is a Brighton agency specialising in building WordPress websites.

PricewaterhouseCoopers is the world’s second largest professional services firm, and one of the Big Four auditors.

Publicis Groupe, founded in Paris in 1926, is one of the largest marketing and communications companies in the world.

Radio Times, launched in 1923, is a British weekly TV and radio listings magazine. Its circulation is around 500,000.

Responsible Travel, based in Brighton, UK, is one of the world’s first, and largest green travel companies.

RCI is the world’s largest timeshare broker, with 6000 resorts in 100 countries and nearly four million members.

Redwood is a London agency with 200 staff specialising in customer magazines and website content, design and build.

Rtister is an online fashion retailer based in London, showcasing the best in contemporary womenswear.

Saatchi & Saatchi is a communications and ad agency with 114 offices in 76 countries and over 6,500 staff.

Schneider National is one of the largest truckload carriers in the US, with 10,000 drivers hauling 20,000 loads per day.

The Society of Chemical Industry was set up in 1881 “to further the application of chemistry for the public benefit”.

Selfridges & Co, is a high end department store chain in the UK, founded by Harry Gordon Selfridge in 1909.

Skytours offers sunshine holidays to a wide range of destinations from European classics to faraway places.

SmartFocus Message Cloud delivers seven million email campaigns each year, and provides marketing insights.

Sony is a Tokyo-based multinational which has gaming, entertainment, financial and electronics divisions.

Storm is a model agency in Chelsea, London. Its clients include Kate Moss, Cindy Crawford and Emma Watson.

Tesco is the third largest retailer in the world measured by profits, with stores in 12 countries across Europe and Asia.

The Thackeray Estate portfolio has properties around Old Brompton Rd and Kensington Square, London.

Thomson, now TUI, runs package holidays, hotels, resorts, an airline and the UK’s largest travel agent chain.

Time, formerly IPC, was a consumer magazine and digital publisher. Its many titles had a circulation of 350 million at its peak.

Toyota, founded in 1937, is the largest listed company in Japan, and the world’s largest vehicle manufacturer.

VNU, now The Nielsen Company, was a Dutch publisher of consumer magazines, newspapers and business titles.

VisitBrighton promotes Brighton & Hove to business visitors and holidaymakers from the UK and around the world.

Volvo Cars is a Swedish vehicle manufacturer established in 1927 with approximately 2,500 local dealers worldwide.

Founded in 1832, Winsor & Newton is a London-based manufacturer of artists’ materials with a history of innovation.

Zurich employs 50,000 staff in more than 170 countries, making it one of the largest insurance groups in the world,